閱讀理解———因果題的判定
By Zhao Hongyan
一、因果關系題出現的頻率：
2017年新課標I B2,3 2018年新課標I D2
2017年新課標I C1 2018年新課標II B2
2017年新課標III C2 2018年新課標II C1
2017年新課標III B2 2018年新課標III B3
2017年新課標III D2 2018年新課標III D3
2017年浙江卷 B3 2018年北京卷 B1
2017年北京卷 A2
2017年北京卷 C3
2017年北京卷 D2
二、設置的問題：
Why +結果？
結果+because..........?
What made/ caused +結果？
What’s the reason for +結果？
三、因果題的解題步驟：
結果定位
因果題
尋找原因————因果關系的判定
四、因果題的實戰演練： (Practice)
1、and前是正確答案
Passage 1：（2012年新課標B）
Most?people,?and?many?animals,?like?eating?it.?However,?the?only?way?for?them?to?get?that?honey?is?to?find?a?wild?bees'?nest?and?take?the?honey?from?it.?Often,?these?nests?are?high?up?in?trees,?and?it?is?difficult?to?find
them.?In?parts?of?Africa,?though,?people?and?animals?looking?for?honey
have?a?strange?and?unexpected?helper?-?a?little?bird?called?a?honey?guide.
題干：Why?is?it?difficult?to?find?a?wild?bees'?nest?
A. ?It's?small?in?size.? B.?It's?hidden?in?trees.
?C. It's?covered?with?wax.? D.?It's?hard?to?recognize.
Passage 2: (2017年新課標 I B）
The homeowner was very helpful. A wire basket was found. I put some pine branches into the basket to make this nest safe and comfortable. I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed down.
題干：What made the chick calm down?
A. A new nest B. Some food. C. A recording. D. Its parents.
2、從句本身是答案
Passage 3： （2009年新課標 C）
It’s?not?just?that?we’re?going?to?where?the?animals?are;?we’re?also?bringing?them?closer?to?us.?Popular?foreign?pets?have?brought?a?whole?new?disease?to?this?country.?A?strange?illness?killed?Isaksen’s?pets,?and?she?now?thinks?that?keeping?foreign?pets?is?a?bad?idea.“I?don’t?think?it’s?fair?to?have?them?as?pets?when?we?have?such?a?limited?knowledge?of?them,”says?Isaksn
題干：Why?did?Isaksen?advise?people?not?to?have?foreign?pets?
A. They?attack?human?beings.? B.We?need?to?study?native?animals.
C.They?can’t?live?out?of?the?rain?forest.? D.We?do?not?know?much?about?them?yet.
Passage 4：（2015新課標 I D）
The?city‘s?psychology?cafes,?which?offer?great?comfort,?are?among?the?most?popular?places.?Middle-aged?homemakers,?retirees,?and?the?unemployed?come?to?such?cafes?to?talk?about?lover,?anger,?and?dreams?with?a?psychologist.?And?they?come?to?Lehance‘s?group?just?to?learn?to?say?what?they?feel.?There‘s?a?strong?need?in?Paris?for?communication,?says?Maurice?Frisch,?a?cafe?La?Chope?regular?who?works?as?religious?instructor?in?a?nearby?church.?―People?have?few?real?friends.?And?they?need?to?open?upLehanne?says?she‘d?like?to?see?psychology?cafes?all?over?France.?―If?people?had?normal?lives,?these?cafes?would‘t?exist‖,?she?says,‖If?life?weren‘t?a?battle,?people?wouln‘t?need?a?special?place?just?to?speak.But?them,?it?wouldn‘t?be?France.
題干：Why?are?psychology?cafes?becoming?popular?in?Paris?
A. ?They?bring?people?true?friendship.? B.?They?give?people?spiritual?support.
C.?They?help?people?realize?their?dreams.
D.?They?offer?a?platform?for?business?links.
3、doing/done是答案
Passage 5：（2016年新課標 B）
As?a?third?generation?native?of?Brownsville,?Texas,?Mildred?Garza?never?pleased?move?away.?Even?when?her?daughter?and?son?asked?her?to?move?to?San?Antonio?to?help?their?children,?she?politely?refused.?Only?after?a?year?of?friendly?discussion?did?Ms.?Gaf?finally?say?yes.?That?was?four?years?ago.?Today?all?three?generations?regard?the?move?to?a?success,?giving?them?a?closer?relationship?than?they?would?have?had?in?separate?cities.
題干：Why was Garza’s move a success?
A. It strengthened her family ties.
B. It improved her living conditions.
C.It enabled her make more friends.
D. It helped her know more new places.
4、目的是答案
Passage6：（2010年新課標 C）
During the drier months between December and March hoatzins fly about the forest in groups of 20 to 30 birds，but in April，when the rainy season begins，they collect together in smaller living units of two to seven birds for producing purposes.
題干：Why do hoatzins collect together in smaller groups when the rainy season comes?
A．To find more food. B．To protect themselves better.
B．To keep themselves warm. D．To produce their young.
5、because后是答案
Passage 7：（2016年新課標 A）
Sandra?Day?O’Connor(1930-present)? When?Sandra?Day?O‘Connor?finished?third?in?her?class?at?Stanford?Law?School,?in?1952,she?could?not?find?work?at?a?law?firm?because?she?was?a?woman.?She?became?an?Arizona?state?senator(參議員)?and?,in?1981,?the?first?woman?to?join?the??U.S.?Supreme?Court.?O‘Connor?gave?the?deciding?vote?in?many?important?cases?during?her?24?years?on?the?top?court.
題干：What is the reason for O‘Connor‘s being rejected by the law firm? A. Her lack of proper training in law.
B.Her little work experience in court.
C. The discrimination against women.
D. The poor financial conditions.
五、Practice： （一）
Of?the?common?berries,?strawberries?are?highest?in?vitamin?C,?although,?because?of?their?seeds,?raspberries?contain?a?little?more?protein?(蛋白質),?iron?and?zinc?(not?that?fruits?have?much?protein).?Blueberries?are?particularly?high?in?antioxidants?(抗氧化物質).?The?yellow?and?orange?stone?fruits?such?as?peaches?are?high?in?the?carotenoids?we?turn?into?vitamin?A?and?which?are?antioxidants. As?for?cherries?(櫻桃),?they?are?so?delicious?who?cares??However,?they?are?rich?in?vitamin?C. （第一題答案位置）
When?combined?with?berries?of?slices?of?other?fruits,?frozen?bananas?make?an?excellent?base?for?thick,?cooling?fruit?shakes?and?low?fat?“ice?cream”.?For?this?purpose,?select?ripe?bananas?for?freezing?as?they?are?much?sweeter.?Remove?the?skin?and?place?them?in?plastic?bags?or?containers?and?freeze.?If?you?like,?a?squeeze?of?fresh?lemon?juice?on?the?bananas?will?prevent?them?turning?brown.?Frozen?bananas?will?last?several?weeks,?depending?on?their?ripeness?and?the?temperature?of?the?freezer
25. Why?is?fresh?lemon?juice?used?in?freezing?bananas?
A. ?To?make?them?smell?better.???? B.?To?keep?their?colour.
B. ?To?speed?up?their?ripening.???? D.?To?improve?their?nutrition.
（二）
According to the report?s key findings, “the proportion (比例) who say they ?hardly ever? read for fun has gone from 8 percent of 13-year-olds and 9 percent of 17-year-olds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectively today.”?（第一題答案）
The report data shows that pleasure reading levels for younger children, ages 2—8, remain largely the same. But the amount of time spent in reading each session has declined, from closer to an hour or more to closer to a half hour per session.
When it comes to technology and reading, the report does little to counsel(建議) parents looking for data about the effect of e-readers and tablets on reading. It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns about increased screen time.
30. Why?do?many?parents?limit?electronic?reading?
A. E-books?are?of?poor?quality.
B. It?could?be?a?waste?of?time.
C. It?may?harm?children?s?health.
D. E-readers?are?expensive.
（三）
We?may?think?we‘re?a?culture?that?gets?rid?of?our?worn?technology?at?the?first?sight?of?something?shiny?and?new,but?a?new?study?shows?that?we?keep?using?our?old?devices?(裝置)?well?after?they?go?out?of?style,That’s?bad?news?for?environment?–?and?our?wallets?–?as?these?outdated?devices?consume?much?more?energy?than?the?newer?ones?that?do?the?same?things.（第一題答案）? ??
To?figure?out?how?much?power?these?devices?are?using,Callie?Babbitt?and?her?colleagues?at?the?Rochester?Institute?of?Technology?in?New?York?tracked?the?environmental?costs?for?each?product?throughout?its?life?–?form?when?its?minerals?are?mined?to?when?we?stop?using?the?device.This?method?provided?a?readout?for?how?home?energy?use?evolved?since?the?early?1990s.Devices?were?grouped?by?generation.Desktop?computers?basic?mobile?phones,and?box-set?TVs?defined?1992.?Digital?cameras?arrived?on?the?scene?in?1997.?And?MP3?players,?smart?phones,?and?LCD?TVs?entered?homes?in?2002,?before?tablets?and?e-readers?showed?up?in?2007.
33. Why?did?Babbin’s?team?conduct?the?research? ?? A.To?reduce?the?cost?of?minerals.
B To?test?the?life?cycle?of?a?product.
C.To?update?consumers?on?new?technology.
D.To?find?out?electricity?consumption?of?the?devices.
六、總結：因果題的方法：
因果關系線索：顯性原因：
隱性原因：
