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          高考全國卷語法填空動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)解析
          瀏覽次數(shù):次      發(fā)布時(shí)間:2018-06-11       發(fā)布人:方彥青

          高考全國卷語法填空動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)解析

          方彥青

          動(dòng)詞是高考英語語法填空考查重點(diǎn),主要包括動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、主謂一致及非謂語動(dòng)詞。本文通過高考真題,分析了語法填空中動(dòng)詞的已考考點(diǎn)和未考考點(diǎn),并提出解題指導(dǎo),以幫助學(xué)生突破語法填空.

          考點(diǎn)一:時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)與主謂一致

          1. 已考考點(diǎn)主要包括一般過去時(shí)、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、主謂一致,如:

              1. In 1969, the pollution is terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland, Ohio. It ______ (be)imaginable that it could be ever be cleaned up.

          解析:通過上文的時(shí)間狀語in 1969,可判斷為一般過去時(shí),主語為it,故填單數(shù)形式was。

          2. A boy on a bike        (catch)my attention. He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms.

          解析:全文敘述了過去發(fā)生的一件事情,主體時(shí)態(tài)為過去,本句用一般過去時(shí),表示“一個(gè)騎自行車的男孩引起了我的注意”,故填caught。

          3. This cycle  ____ (go) day after day: the walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and thus always a timely offset(抵消)for the outside temperatures

          解析:本文介紹了印第安人的土坯房,主體時(shí)態(tài)是現(xiàn)在,本句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),主語為單數(shù)形式this cycle,故填goes。句意為“這個(gè)循環(huán)日復(fù)一日的進(jìn)行著:這些墻壁白天加熱,晚上變涼,總是及時(shí)的抵消外面的溫度”。

          4. It was raining lightly when I____(arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn

          解析:通過主句時(shí)態(tài)was raining可判斷為表示過去,從句所給謂語動(dòng)詞arrive為非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,故用一般過去時(shí),填arrived。句意為“當(dāng)我在黎明前到達(dá)陽朔的時(shí)候,天上正飄著小雨”。

          2. 未考考點(diǎn)分析:

          未考考點(diǎn)主要包括:一般將來時(shí)、一般將來進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)等,以及各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如:

          1. Up to now, the program _____savethousands of children who would otherwise have died.

          解析:up to now是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志,故填have saved。句意為“截止到現(xiàn)在,這個(gè)項(xiàng)目已經(jīng)挽救了成千上萬的本來會(huì)死去的孩子的生命。”

          2--Weve spent too much money recently. --well, it isnt surprising. Our friend and relatives ____ comearound all the time

          解析:句中有時(shí)間狀語all the time, 且從上文have spent判斷表示現(xiàn)在;句意為“近來我們花太多錢了。--并不驚奇,最近一直有朋友和親戚來訪?!北硎尽皬倪^去開始到現(xiàn)在的一段時(shí)間一直在做某事,用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí),have been coming。

          3. --Were you surprised by the ending of the film? --No, I ____readthe book, so I already knew the story.

          解析:根據(jù)上下文可知“Read the book” 這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去動(dòng)作“knew”之前,為過去的過去,故用過去完成時(shí),填had read

          4. I walked slowly through the market, where people     sellall kinds of fruits and vegetables. I studied the prices carefully and bought what I needed.

          解析:根據(jù)“I studied the prices carefully and bought what I needed”的提示可判斷此處表示“人們當(dāng)時(shí)正在出售各種水果和蔬菜”,即表示過去某時(shí)正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,用過去進(jìn)行時(shí),填were selling。

          5. If you plant watermelon seeds in the spring, you     (eat) fresh watermelon in the fall.

          解析根據(jù)if從句的時(shí)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),可判斷主句應(yīng)該為表將來的時(shí)態(tài),句意為“如果你春天種西瓜,那么你就能在秋天享受著新鮮的西瓜了”,故用將來進(jìn)行時(shí),填will be eating

          6. Traditional folk arts of Tianjin like paper cutting     exhibitat the culture show these days.

          解析:考查主謂一致和時(shí)態(tài)。主語為Traditional folk arts,為復(fù)數(shù)形式,和所給動(dòng)詞exhibit構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系,時(shí)間狀語為these days,故用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài),填are being exhibiting。

          解題指導(dǎo):在解動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)題目時(shí),要觀察全文的時(shí)態(tài),同時(shí)尋找標(biāo)示時(shí)間的介詞短語、副詞或從句,并結(jié)合上下文語境、時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)原則、主謂一致、主動(dòng)被動(dòng)關(guān)系、虛擬語氣等做出正確答案。

          考點(diǎn)二:非謂語動(dòng)詞

          1. 已考考點(diǎn)包括:分詞作表語、定語,不定式作主語、賓語,動(dòng)名詞作賓語。如:

          1. It took years of work _______ (reduce) industrial pollution and clean the water.

          解析:本句考查不定式作主語,用it作形式主語,故空格填to reduce。

          2. While there are_______ (amaze) stories of instant transformation, for most of us the  changes are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river.

          解析:空格后為名詞stories,故將amaze改為amazing,修飾物用-ing形式,考查分詞作定語。

          3. One morning , I was waiting at the bus stop , worried about      (be ) late for school.

          解析:加在介詞about后面,作賓語,用動(dòng)名詞形式,故填being。

          4. There were many people waiting at the bus stop, and some of them looked very anxious and          (disappoint).

          解析:和anxious并列作表語,修飾人用-ed形式,故填disappointed,考查分詞作表語。

          5. I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused       (stop ) until we reached the next stop. Still, the boy kept       (ride).

          解析:第一空加在動(dòng)詞refuse后作賓語,用動(dòng)詞不定式,故填to stop;第二空加在動(dòng)詞keep后作賓語,用動(dòng)名詞,故填riding

          6. When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough ____ (cool) the house during the hot day.

          解析:句意為“當(dāng)天亮的時(shí)候,墻壁已經(jīng)釋放完它們的熱量,現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)足夠冷了能夠在炎熱的白天為房子降溫”,加在enough后面作結(jié)果狀語,用動(dòng)詞不定式,故填to cool。

          7. A study of travelers ___     (conduct) by the website Trip Advisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world

          解析:句子的謂語動(dòng)詞為names,故空格處填非謂語動(dòng)詞作后置定語,空格后有介詞短語by the website,動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,故為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,填入過去分詞conducted。

          8. Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people ___   (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong

          解析:從句的謂語動(dòng)詞為arranges,空格處應(yīng)為非謂語動(dòng)詞,修飾名詞people,作后置定語,構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系,用現(xiàn)在分詞,故填living。

          9. In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to “air condition” a house without _____useexectic equipment

          解析:空格位于介詞without后,作介詞賓語,常用動(dòng)名詞形式,故填using。

          2. 未考考點(diǎn)分析。未考考點(diǎn)主要包括:不定式作定語、表語、目的狀語、賓補(bǔ)或主補(bǔ);動(dòng)名詞作主語,分詞作狀語、主補(bǔ)或賓補(bǔ)等。如:

          1. There are still many problems ______solvebefore we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.

          解析:本題考察的是非謂語動(dòng)詞作后置定語?,F(xiàn)在分詞doing表示主動(dòng)或者正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作;過去分詞done表示被動(dòng)或者已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作,不定式to do 表示主動(dòng)或者將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。句意:在我們準(zhǔn)備在月球上長期生活之前,還有很多問題有待于解決。根據(jù)句意可知很多問題還沒有被解決,都是未來將要發(fā)生的事情,所以使用不定式,且和被修飾名詞problems構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系,填不定式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)to be solved。

          2.        spendthe past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong, Linda appears more mature than those of her age.

          解析:本句考察的是分詞做狀語的用法。動(dòng)詞spend與主句主語Linda構(gòu)成邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以使用現(xiàn)在分詞在句中做狀語。而spend the past year…這個(gè)動(dòng)作是在主句謂語appears more mature之前就發(fā)生的,所以使用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式Having spent。句意:作為交換生在香港過了一年,Linda表現(xiàn)得比她的同齡人更為成熟。

          3. ____understandyour own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions.

          解析:本題考察動(dòng)名詞做主語的用法,填Understanding。本句中的動(dòng)名詞定語understanding your own needs and styles of communication在句中是主語,單個(gè)的非謂語動(dòng)詞做主語,謂語動(dòng)詞要使用單數(shù)形式。句意:理解你自己的需要和交流方式和知道表達(dá)你的愛和情緒一樣重要。

          4.       freeourselves from the physical and mental tensions,we each need deep thought and inner quietness.

          解析:考查不定式做目的狀語,填To free。句意:為了讓我們免受精神和身體壓力的傷害,我們每個(gè)人都需要深入的思考和內(nèi)心的安寧。

          5. He is thought _     __ (act)foolishly. Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job.

          解析:本句考察的是固定句式Sb be though to do/to be doing/to have done某人被認(rèn)為;如果表示的是一個(gè)已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作,就使用不定式的完成式,如果是正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,就使用不定式的進(jìn)行式。句意:他被認(rèn)為表現(xiàn)很糟糕,現(xiàn)在他只能責(zé)怪自己丟了那份工作。根據(jù)句意可知他表現(xiàn)很糟糕是在丟掉工作之前,所以使用不定式的完成式to have acted。此處不定式作主語補(bǔ)足語。

          7. The manager was satisfied to see many new products ______developafter great effort.

          解析:此題考查的是過去分詞developed在感官動(dòng)詞see后補(bǔ)足語,因?yàn)?/span>develop與賓語products間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故使用過去分詞developed。句意:經(jīng)理很滿意地看見在付出巨大努力之后看到很多新產(chǎn)品被研發(fā)出來。

          8. Clearly and thoughtfully ______write, the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.

          解析:本句考察的是非謂語動(dòng)詞做狀語的用法。句中動(dòng)詞write與句子逐漸與the book構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以使用過去分詞written表示被動(dòng)。句意:被寫得很清楚很周到,這本書激勵(lì)著那些追求自己生活中的答案的學(xué)生。

          9. Don’t leave the water _____runwhile you brush your teeth.

              解析:考查非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ),表示“讓水一直流著”,用現(xiàn)在分詞running。

          解題指導(dǎo):非謂語動(dòng)詞內(nèi)容繁多,用法復(fù)雜,解題時(shí)要把握如下要點(diǎn)。

          1.核心意義:不定式表將來,表目的,表出乎意料的結(jié)果,表示一次性動(dòng)作或動(dòng)作發(fā)生的全過程;動(dòng)名詞表示習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作,表用途;現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)關(guān)系,表動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行或持續(xù)進(jìn)行,表自然的、必然的結(jié)果;過去分詞表被動(dòng)關(guān)系或動(dòng)作已完成。

          2.句子成分:不定式在句中可充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語、定語、補(bǔ)語以及狀語;動(dòng)名詞可充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語或定語;分詞可充當(dāng)表語、定語、補(bǔ)語和狀語。

          3.邏輯關(guān)系:非謂語動(dòng)詞雖然在語法上沒有主語,但它仍表示的是動(dòng)作,因此在意義上會(huì)有一個(gè)動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者,這個(gè)發(fā)出者就是它的邏輯主語。作主語補(bǔ)足語,表語和狀語時(shí),邏輯主語為句子的主語;作賓語補(bǔ)足語,邏輯主語為賓語;作定語,邏輯主語是所修飾的先行詞;如果非謂語動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語的是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,用現(xiàn)在分詞或不定式的主動(dòng)式,如果是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,則用過去分詞或不定式的被動(dòng)式,如果表被動(dòng)進(jìn)行,則用現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式或不定式的被動(dòng)進(jìn)行式。

          4.時(shí)間關(guān)系:強(qiáng)調(diào)非謂語動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語動(dòng)作之前,用完成時(shí),即to have done/to have been donehaving done/having been done。

          5.習(xí)慣用法:如judging from/by,frankly speaking等作狀語只用現(xiàn)在分詞形式,不定式to be honest等作評注性狀語,it is no use/good后面常用doing等。

           

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