The Third Period Grammar
Teaching goals 教學(xué)目標(biāo)
1. Target language目標(biāo)語言
重點詞匯和短語
swiftly, unsettle, speed up
2. Ability goals 能力目標(biāo)
Enable the Ss to use the past participle as the adverbial and the past participles as the attribute.
3. Learning ability goals 學(xué)能目標(biāo)
Help the Ss learn how to use the past participle as the adverbial and the past participles the attribute.
Teaching important ＆ difficult points 教學(xué)重難點
Distinguish the usage of the past participle as the adverbial and the past participle as the attribute.
Teaching methods 教學(xué)方法
Practice.
Teaching aids 教具準(zhǔn)備
A computer, a projector and a blackboard.
Teaching procedures ＆ ways 教學(xué)過程與方式
Step I Word Study
This part is a consolidation of the words learnt in this unit.
Ask the Ss to do the Exx. 1 ＆ 2 on pages 20 ＆ 21 and exercises in USING WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS in Workbook independently. Then check the answers.
Step II Grammar
The Ss will learn the usage of the past participle in different situations.
Task 1 Make clear to the Ss the usage of the past participle as the adverbial.
T: Now please look at the sentence:
Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days.
= As I was worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days.
過去分詞作狀語：
用作狀語的過去分詞通常來自及物動詞。過去分詞用作狀語時，修飾主句的謂語動詞，意義上相當(dāng)于狀語從句，表示時間、條件、原因、伴隨狀況等。過去分詞作狀語，前邊往往可以加when, while, as if, as though。一般說來，這種結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語必須與主句的主語一致。例如：
Whenever praised, she blushes.（作時間狀語）
= Whenever she is praised, she blushes.
United, we stand; divided, we fall.（作條件狀語）
= If we are united, we stand; if we are divided, we fall.
Written in great haste, this book is full of errors.（作原因狀語）
= Because this book is written in great haste, it is full of errors.
Mary was reading a love story, completely lost to the romantic life.（作伴隨狀語）
= Mary was reading a love story, and she was completely lost to the romantic life.
Although born in Germany, John lives and works in U.S.A.（作讓步狀語）
= Although John was born in Germany, he lives and works in U.S.A.
Task 2 Make clear to the Ss the usage of the past participle as the attribute.
T: Now please look at these two sentences:
1. I followed him to collect a hovering carriage driven by computer.
= I followed him to collect a hovering carriage that / which was driven by computer.
2. Tomorrow you will be ready for some visits organized by the company.
= Tomorrow you will be ready for some visits that / which was organized by the company.
過去分詞作定語：
a. 用作前置定語的過去分詞通常來自及物動詞，帶有被動意義和完成意義。例如：
We like skating in the frozen lake in the winter.
= We like skating in the lake which has been frozen in the winter.
How many finished products have you got up to now?
= How many products that have been finished have you got up to now?
來自不及物動詞的過去分詞很少能單獨用作前置定語，能作這樣用的僅限以下幾個詞，這時僅表示完成意義，不表示被動意義：
a retired worker = a worker who has retired
an escaped prisoner = a prisoner who has escaped
a faded / withered flower = a flower that has faded / withered
fallen leaves = leaves that have fallen
the risen sun = the sun that has just risen
a returned student = a student who has returned
vanished treasure = treasure that has vanished
b. 用作后置定語的過去分詞通常也來自及物動詞，表示被動意義和完成意義。這明相當(dāng)于一個定語從句。例如：
Things seen are better than things heard.
= Things that / which are seen are better than things that / which are heard.
The lobster broiled over charcoal was delicious.
= The lobster that / which was broiled over charcoal was delicious.
Then let the Ss do Exx. 1－4 on pages 20 ＆ 21 and exercises in USING STRUCTURES in Workbook to consolidate what they have learnt. And check the answers. If time permits, let the Ss learn the following usage of the past participle in the class.
過去分詞作表語：
過去分詞作表語表示主語所處的狀態(tài)。用作表語的過去分詞大多來自及物動詞；不及物動詞的過去分詞能作表語的只限于少數(shù)表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動詞，如go, come, assemble等，它們用在聯(lián)系動詞之后，表示完成意義，無被動意義。例如：
The man looked quite disappointed.
He is greatly discouraged by her refusal.
His hair is nearly all gone.
已經(jīng)形容化了的過去分詞大多可作表語，常見的有:
accomplished, amazed, amused, astonished, broken, closed, completed, complicated, confused, crowded, devoted, disappointed, discouraged, drunk, excited, frightened, hurt, interested, lost, satisfied, surprised, worried等。
過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語：
a. see, hear, feel, find, think等表示感覺和心理狀態(tài)的動詞可以帶過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。例如：
Tom found himself involved in an awkward situation.
I saw Tom dressed like a beggar in the street.
Everybody thought the match lost until the last minute.
b. make, get, have, keep等表示“致使”意義的動詞可以帶過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。例如：
I have my clothes washed everyday.
Don’t get your schedule changed; stay with us in the class.
He’s trying to make himself understood.
Please keep us informed of the latest price.
c. like, want, wish, order等表示希望、要求、命令等意義的動詞可以帶過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。例如：We don’t like such topics (to be) discussed in class.
I wish this problem (to be) solved this week.
Step Ⅳ Homework
T: After class, please review what we’ve learnt this class and do more exercises. Then preview the READING TASK in Workbook.
